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<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"dzb-enter-info-box dzb-heng-info-box layui-col-xs7\">\r\n <div class=\"dzb-enter-banmian-box\">\r\n <div class=\"dzb-banmian-logo-box\">\r\n <img src=\"\/dianzibao\/images\/banmian_logo.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"dzb-banmian-logo\" width=\"120\" height=\"39\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n <span class=\"dzb-banmian-title\">第15版：夜光杯<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"dzb-banmian-date\">2026-06-30<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"dzb-enter-desc-box dzb-enter-heng-desc-box\">\r\n <span class=\"dzb-special-title-box\"><\/span>\r\n <h2 class=\"dzb-title-box\">启功先生自讼<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"dzb-sub-title-box\"><\/span>\r\n \r\n <p class=\"dzb-desc-box\"> 徐可<br\/><br\/> 在《启功全集（修订版）》第4卷中，有一篇很特别也很有意思的文章——《自讼二则》，注意者似乎不多。<br\/><br\/> 文章不长，为免转述之啰唆，摘录如下：<br\/><br\/> 江都汪容甫先生（中），是我平生服膺，所谓“恨不顶而戴之”者，除了敬佩他的学术成就外，更由于身世有若干相近之处，所以景仰之心，有倍于其他先贤者。<br\/><br\/> 平夙注意著名学者的手迹，而汪先生的真迹极少，只见到四五件。除信札外，所写都是自作诗文，还有一段段地摘录自己文章的。因此见到先生论《亢仓子》《鹖冠子》二段，便大喜过望。于是津津然，龂龂然，骋其笔舌，大加评论，以为是先生的佚文，发表在《学林漫录》第十一集中。<br\/><br\/> 最近挚友黄永年先生自西安托马樟根同志告诉我，那是柳宗元的文章，我才如梦方醒。这两段不但载在《柳集》，还屡次为许多古今选本所选入。予小子谫陋自不待言，如果说我没通读过《柳集》，并不夸张；如果说我连选本都没读过，不但我自己不信，即我的朋友也不会信。然则何以出此纰漏？首由希望迫切，次由所读昏忘。自曝不学事小，贻误读者事大。古人诗文集中误被后人编入他人之作，已是常见的事。其原因虽各不同，由于集子主人手抄过的笔记，以致误被编入的，实居多数，但我却绝不敢以此例来作解嘲。<br\/><br\/> 现在除向黄、马二同志致以深切的谢意外，还要向曾阅拙文的读者致以诚恳的歉意！<br\/><br\/> 这段申明，可以说确是由衷之言，是自一九五七年、一九六六年以来，真有错、最诚心的一次自讼！<br\/><br\/> ……<br\/><br\/> 《学林漫录》第十一集，又刊出拙文言法华一段。继阅《禅苑蒙求》卷下，有“法华佯狂”条，引《会元》二，略记言法华独语笑，多行市里，褰裳而趋，从屠沽游，道俗共目为狂僧。<br\/><br\/> 及检《会元》二，果得“法华志言大士”条，知其名为“志言”了，又说他是寿春许氏子，弱冠游东都，继得度于七俱胝院。一日读《云门录》，忽契悟，独语笑，口吻嗫嚅，日常不辍。世传诵《法华》，因为名之，云云。以下便记一切机锋问答语句。这段话，与《蒙求》所录，全不相关，并且都无一语涉及他到处乱写字的事。尤其难解的是“世传诵《法华》”，他上无继承，下无传授，那个“世”字又该怎讲？<br\/><br\/> 那么宋代到处乱写字的狂僧言法华，究竟是否即是这里所记的“志言大士”？使我由自惊失于详细检书，转而又觉阙疑未尝没有几分好处。所以这里只可算“半心半意”的一段自讼。<br\/><br\/> 现在我们来对这篇文章作一点分析。<br\/><br\/> 首先看标题。“自讼”者，犹“自责”也，亦即“自我批评”“自我检讨”“自我反省”之义。语出《论语·公冶长》。子曰：“已矣乎，吾未见能见其过而内自讼者也。”孔老夫子也是少见多怪了，人本来就是很难看到自己的缺点的，更别说还要自我批评了。当然，孔夫子没看到，我们却看到了。启功先生不但敢于“自讼”，而且一下子就“自讼”了“二则”；不是“内自讼”，而是公开“自讼”。到底出了什么事，惹得老先生要这么郑重其事地公开进行自我批评？<br\/><br\/> 文章说，江都汪容甫先生，是我平生服膺，所谓“恨不顶而戴之”者，景仰之心，有倍于其他先贤者。平夙注意著名学者的手迹，而汪先生的真迹极少，因此见到先生论《亢仓子》《鹖冠子》二段，便大喜过望，以为是先生的佚文，不加分辨地就在《学林漫录》上向读者推荐了。先生用了“津津然，龂龂然，骋其笔舌，大加评论”来形容当时自己的喜出望外以至洋洋得意。<br\/><br\/> 可是最近，有挚友黄永年先生托人转告，那是柳宗元的文章，不是汪容甫的，先生才如梦初醒，意识到自己犯了错误。他十分认真地分析了原因，十分诚恳地向黄永年先生和转告者致谢，向广大读者致歉，并强调：这是“真有错、最诚心的一次自讼！”<br\/><br\/> 这是先生“自讼”的第一件事。<br\/><br\/> 第二件事，是先生在同一期《学林漫录》上，发表了一篇谈论狂僧言法华事迹的文章。后来读《会元》二，看到“法华志言大士”条，方怀疑那个到处乱写字的狂僧言法华，是否即是这里所记的“志言大士”？先生后悔没有详细检书。转而又觉得“阙疑未尝没有几分好处”，所以只算“半心半意”的一段自讼。<br\/><br\/> 这篇“自讼”文，也是写得亦庄亦谐。但是先生的态度是非常认真的。于此可以看出：<br\/><br\/> 第一，严谨治学的精神。由于传抄的原因，古人诗文被张冠李戴者屡见不鲜，这事说大不大说小不小；但先生为免误导读者，专门撰文更正，并且详加解释，以期引起读者的重视，这是对文化的敬畏、对读者的负责。<br\/><br\/> 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<\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"dzb-enter-info-box dzb-heng-info-box layui-col-xs7\">\r\n <div class=\"dzb-enter-banmian-box\">\r\n <div class=\"dzb-banmian-logo-box\">\r\n <img src=\"\/dianzibao\/images\/banmian_logo.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"dzb-banmian-logo\" width=\"120\" height=\"39\">\r\n <\/div>\r\n <span class=\"dzb-banmian-title\">第15版：夜光杯<\/span>\r\n <span class=\"dzb-banmian-date\">2026-06-30<\/span>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <div class=\"dzb-enter-desc-box dzb-enter-heng-desc-box\">\r\n <span class=\"dzb-special-title-box\"><\/span>\r\n <h2 class=\"dzb-title-box\">启功先生自讼<\/h2>\r\n <span class=\"dzb-sub-title-box\"><\/span>\r\n \r\n <p class=\"dzb-desc-box\"> 徐可<br\/><br\/> 在《启功全集（修订版）》第4卷中，有一篇很特别也很有意思的文章——《自讼二则》，注意者似乎不多。<br\/><br\/> 文章不长，为免转述之啰唆，摘录如下：<br\/><br\/> 江都汪容甫先生（中），是我平生服膺，所谓“恨不顶而戴之”者，除了敬佩他的学术成就外，更由于身世有若干相近之处，所以景仰之心，有倍于其他先贤者。<br\/><br\/> 平夙注意著名学者的手迹，而汪先生的真迹极少，只见到四五件。除信札外，所写都是自作诗文，还有一段段地摘录自己文章的。因此见到先生论《亢仓子》《鹖冠子》二段，便大喜过望。于是津津然，龂龂然，骋其笔舌，大加评论，以为是先生的佚文，发表在《学林漫录》第十一集中。<br\/><br\/> 最近挚友黄永年先生自西安托马樟根同志告诉我，那是柳宗元的文章，我才如梦方醒。这两段不但载在《柳集》，还屡次为许多古今选本所选入。予小子谫陋自不待言，如果说我没通读过《柳集》，并不夸张；如果说我连选本都没读过，不但我自己不信，即我的朋友也不会信。然则何以出此纰漏？首由希望迫切，次由所读昏忘。自曝不学事小，贻误读者事大。古人诗文集中误被后人编入他人之作，已是常见的事。其原因虽各不同，由于集子主人手抄过的笔记，以致误被编入的，实居多数，但我却绝不敢以此例来作解嘲。<br\/><br\/> 现在除向黄、马二同志致以深切的谢意外，还要向曾阅拙文的读者致以诚恳的歉意！<br\/><br\/> 这段申明，可以说确是由衷之言，是自一九五七年、一九六六年以来，真有错、最诚心的一次自讼！<br\/><br\/> ……<br\/><br\/> 《学林漫录》第十一集，又刊出拙文言法华一段。继阅《禅苑蒙求》卷下，有“法华佯狂”条，引《会元》二，略记言法华独语笑，多行市里，褰裳而趋，从屠沽游，道俗共目为狂僧。<br\/><br\/> 及检《会元》二，果得“法华志言大士”条，知其名为“志言”了，又说他是寿春许氏子，弱冠游东都，继得度于七俱胝院。一日读《云门录》，忽契悟，独语笑，口吻嗫嚅，日常不辍。世传诵《法华》，因为名之，云云。以下便记一切机锋问答语句。这段话，与《蒙求》所录，全不相关，并且都无一语涉及他到处乱写字的事。尤其难解的是“世传诵《法华》”，他上无继承，下无传授，那个“世”字又该怎讲？<br\/><br\/> 那么宋代到处乱写字的狂僧言法华，究竟是否即是这里所记的“志言大士”？使我由自惊失于详细检书，转而又觉阙疑未尝没有几分好处。所以这里只可算“半心半意”的一段自讼。<br\/><br\/> 现在我们来对这篇文章作一点分析。<br\/><br\/> 首先看标题。“自讼”者，犹“自责”也，亦即“自我批评”“自我检讨”“自我反省”之义。语出《论语·公冶长》。子曰：“已矣乎，吾未见能见其过而内自讼者也。”孔老夫子也是少见多怪了，人本来就是很难看到自己的缺点的，更别说还要自我批评了。当然，孔夫子没看到，我们却看到了。启功先生不但敢于“自讼”，而且一下子就“自讼”了“二则”；不是“内自讼”，而是公开“自讼”。到底出了什么事，惹得老先生要这么郑重其事地公开进行自我批评？<br\/><br\/> 文章说，江都汪容甫先生，是我平生服膺，所谓“恨不顶而戴之”者，景仰之心，有倍于其他先贤者。平夙注意著名学者的手迹，而汪先生的真迹极少，因此见到先生论《亢仓子》《鹖冠子》二段，便大喜过望，以为是先生的佚文，不加分辨地就在《学林漫录》上向读者推荐了。先生用了“津津然，龂龂然，骋其笔舌，大加评论”来形容当时自己的喜出望外以至洋洋得意。<br\/><br\/> 可是最近，有挚友黄永年先生托人转告，那是柳宗元的文章，不是汪容甫的，先生才如梦初醒，意识到自己犯了错误。他十分认真地分析了原因，十分诚恳地向黄永年先生和转告者致谢，向广大读者致歉，并强调：这是“真有错、最诚心的一次自讼！”<br\/><br\/> 这是先生“自讼”的第一件事。<br\/><br\/> 第二件事，是先生在同一期《学林漫录》上，发表了一篇谈论狂僧言法华事迹的文章。后来读《会元》二，看到“法华志言大士”条，方怀疑那个到处乱写字的狂僧言法华，是否即是这里所记的“志言大士”？先生后悔没有详细检书。转而又觉得“阙疑未尝没有几分好处”，所以只算“半心半意”的一段自讼。<br\/><br\/> 这篇“自讼”文，也是写得亦庄亦谐。但是先生的态度是非常认真的。于此可以看出：<br\/><br\/> 第一，严谨治学的精神。由于传抄的原因，古人诗文被张冠李戴者屡见不鲜，这事说大不大说小不小；但先生为免误导读者，专门撰文更正，并且详加解释，以期引起读者的重视，这是对文化的敬畏、对读者的负责。<br\/><br\/> 第二，严于律己的精神。发现问题后，先生本来可以委托编辑部，发表一则启事，对之前的错误予以更正。但他没有这样做，而是亲自撰文，对产生错误的原因作了深刻反省，对发现者表示感谢，对读者深致歉意，而且用了“自讼”这样醒目的标题。如此高调自曝其误，设若孔夫子再世，不知又该如何感叹了。<br\/><br\/><\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <div class=\"dzb-multi-btn-box\">\r\n <p class=\"dzb-multi-zoomOut dzb-multi-btn-hover\"><a href=\"javascript:;\"><img src=\"\/dianzibao\/images\/btn_A.png\"\n\n alt=\"\">放大<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"dzb-multi-zoomIn dzb-multi-btn-hover hide\"><a href=\"javascript:;\"><img src=\"\/dianzibao\/images\/btn_A.png\" alt=\"\">缩小<\/a>\n\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"dzb-multi-prev dzb-multi-btn-hover\"><a href=\"javascript:;\" id=\"prepage\"><img src=\"\/dianzibao\/images\/prev.png\" alt=\"\">上一版<\/a>\n\n<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"dzb-multi-next dzb-multi-btn-hover\"><a href=\"javascript:;\" id=\"nextpage\">下一版<img src=\"\/dianzibao\/images\/next.png\" alt=\"\"><\/a>\n\n<\/p>\n\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<footer class=\"dzb-copytight-box\">新民晚报官方网站 xinmin.cn ©<span id='copyright_date'>2019<\/span> All rights 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